microstructure of CuAg
CuAg forms a simple eutectic phase diagram. Hence various hardening mechanims can be adopted:
- solid solution strengthening
- grain boundary hardening
- precipitation hardening
- work hardening
Phase diagram of CuAg and precipitation modes (left) as well as microstructures of Cu7Ag (red) and Cu24Ag (blue)
Discontinuous precipitates are always connected to a boundary. In the case of CuAg alloys they start at high angle grain boundaries. Two routes are traced to suppress their formation: 1) Increase the eutectic phase to a level where the Cu matrix grains are not in contact anymore (this holds for Cu25Ag) and 2) modify the grain boundary by the addition of a insoluble element like Zr. This suppresses the diffusion along the grain boundary and hence enhances the formation of continuous precipitates.
Research on Cu-7Ag-0.05Zr alloys has been carried out for a couple of years. Here are the details: