This will be based on cost-benefit calculation as well as on the technological applicability. Within this context NSC will be working on the integration of nano-sized pinning centres in chemical solution deposited coated conductors and in RE-123 bulk samples, whereas Columbus will take care of the preparation of long nano-engineered MgB2 PIT tapes. The scale up of the nano-engineered MgB2 compound will be achieved by studying and developing practical processes that will allow synthesizing and handling large quantities of superconducting powders with modifications on a nanometre scale. Particular attention will be devoted to safety precautions, as well as to avoid contamination from ambient moisture and oxygen that can severely deplete the grain boundary properties. Finally, reproducibility of the innovative industrial processes that will be developed will be also investigated by microstructural, physical and chemical techniques.